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Jul 23

RKD NewsNet July 2023

From the desk of Dr. Mohan Dewan | Assisted by: Adv. Arjun Pradhan Adv. Shubham Borkar

RKD NewsNet July 2023

1RKD StarsDr. Niti Dewan- A Global IP Leader. Attorney's clear Patent Agent Examination
2Celebrations R K Dewan & Co completes 80 years
3DIIPR News
4Perplex Fun Questions - By Philip Furgang
5Threadbare A node between urgent interim relief and pre-institution mediation proceedings in IPR disputes
6Analysis From India to the World: Science of Building Big Ships/ Large Vessels /Warships
7Spotlight Behind The Scenes of Copyright: Decoding Ownership Of Film Screenplays
RKD Stars
Dr Niti Dewan recognized as a ‘Global IP Leader’ in the WIPR Leaders Directory, 2023
R K Dewan & Co. is delighted to share that Dr. Niti Dewan has been recognized in the newly released 2023 edition of the WIPR - World IP Review Leaders Directory as a Global IP Leader!
8Quiz Corner
9Know the Real IndiaMonsoon
10RKDecodes Laal Mans
Dr Niti Dewan, a medical doctor, Patent and Trade Mark Attorney, heads the Patents Department, Business Development and Administration at R K Dewan & Co. With over 25 years of experience in the field of IP, she specializes in Patent drafting, search & analysis, international patent filing and prosecution. Her sectors of speciality are the life sciences, biosciences, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, automobiles, IT, nanotechnology and material sciences. She has been instrumental in drafting IP policies for various corporates and academic institutions.

She handles and supervises the requirements for the domestic & international patent portfolios of R K Dewan & Co clients in over 100+ countries worldwide. As a certified patent valuation analyst, she frequently advises clients on their IP strategy and is actively involved in IP commercialization including assignments, franchising and technology transfer.

She has been recognized as a ‘Distinguished practitioner in IP’ in India by several prestigious organizations.
An International Trademark Association (INTA) member for 13 years, she also serves on the committee and is a member of several prestigious organizations like AIPPI, APAA, FICPI - International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys, American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA), MARQUES etc.

In addition to her client-focused practice, Niti is actively involved in advancing the field of intellectual property law. She is a regular contributor to publications, conferences, and participates in a variety of professional organisations dedicated to promoting the understanding and development of IP rights.

Her commitment to delivering exceptional service and her dedication to protecting the intellectual property rights of the firm’s clients sets her apart from others in the industry. This acknowledgement is a testament to her outstanding abilities and the respect she has earned from her peers and clients.

 
This achievement is a testament to the hard work, sincerity, dedication and knowledge in the field of Patent Law. Passing the Indian Patent Agent Examination this year was no easy feat due to the extremely low passing percentage, and required a high level of knowledge and expertise in patent law and regulations with an understanding needed to deal with the associated intricacies.

This has been made possible owing to the able guidance, inputs, suggestions and motivation provided by our mentors and faculties at Dewan Institute of Intellectual Property Rights - DIIPR, Dr Mohan Dewan and Dr Niti Dewan. We also appreciate the efforts of those team members who took on the challenge of taking this exam but were unable to qualify this year.
 
RKD family wishes Ms Parvathy Krishna, Mr Narayan Abhishek and Prof. (Dr.) Amit Kumar Tiwari a bright future ahead.

Patent
Agent Examination Results
(2023)
Celebrations
R K Dewan
& Co
celebrates in
Goa as it
completes

80 years
 
Intellectual Property Firms play a crucial role in protecting and managing the rights to intangible assets such as patents, trademarks, designs, copyrights etc. Their role is to ensure that these assets are safeguarded and that their rightful owners are given due credit and compensation.

The integrity of an intellectual property firm is of utmost importance, as it directly impacts the trust and confidence that clients have in their ability to manage and protect their assets. A firm with high levels of integrity will uphold ethical standards, maintain confidentiality, and act in the best interests of its clients at all times.
To ensure the integrity of an intellectual property firm, it is important to look for certain qualities such as transparency, professionalism, and a commitment to upholding ethical standards. This means adhering to strict codes of conduct, maintaining clear communication with clients, and taking all necessary steps to protect their assets. Ultimately, the integrity of an intellectual property firm is a reflection of its commitment to delivering high-quality services and protecting the rights of its clients. As such, it is essential that firms prioritize integrity in all of their operations and interactions with clients and stakeholders.

R K Dewan & Co., recently celebrated 80 years of its successful operations as one of the leading intellectual property firms in India coupled with a great sense of integrity. The event was held on June 30, 2023, to July 3, 2023 at the Alila Diwa,
Goa, which is a beautiful and serene resort located in the picturesque village of Betalbatim in South Goa. Nestled amidst lush greenery and just a stone's throw away from the pristine white sandy beaches, Alia Diwa offers a perfect blend of luxury, comfort, and nature. The celebrations were attended by the team members of all the pan-India offices of R K Dewan & Co (Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Delhi, Indore, Bangalore and Kolkata).

The celebrations began with a welcome speech by the Principal of the firm, Dr. Mohan Dewan who spoke about the humble beginnings of the firm and how it has grown to become one of the most respected intellectual property firms in the country. He also spoke about the importance of intellectual property in today's business landscape and how the firm has been at the forefront of protecting the rights of innovators and inventors. He also addressed the gathering at large and shared his expectations regarding the journey forward.
The event also included a panel discussion on the topic of "Intellectual Property and Business Strategy". Thereafter various key members of the RKD family also shared their experiences in this remarkable journey of protection of inventions and innovations and also discussed the importance of intellectual property in maintaining a competitive advantage and the challenges faced by businesses in protecting their intellectual property rights and the firm's way forward.

The celebrations consisted of various events which included yoga, group and team-building activities, live band performance, mesmerizing talent shows and even a DJ night. The event concluded with a gala dinner and cultural program which was attended by over 200 guests, including clients, partners, and employees of the firm.
Overall, the 80 years celebration of R K Dewan and Company was a fitting tribute to a company that has been at the forefront of protecting intellectual property rights in India.

The event was a grand success, reflecting the firm's dedication to excellence and innovation in the field of intellectual property. It provided a platform for industry experts, clients, and partners to come together and discuss the latest trends and challenges in the field, and it highlighted the firm's contributions to the industry and its commitment to protecting the rights of innovators and inventors and steps ahead of institutionalization of the firm in a systematic manner with a commitment to look forward to many more milestones and receiving multiple opportunities to learn, unlearn, and relearn. Till then from Eighty to Infinity…
The completion offirm's 80 glorious years was covered by legal media platforms Bar & Bench and BW Legal World. Click on the images to read full coverage.
DIIPR News
Our new
course DIIPR
1003
‘Trademark –
Filing to Registration’
is open for enrolment at
10% off!
 
Established in 2010, Dewan Institute of Intellectual Property Rights (DIIPR) is a not-for-profit organization incorporated with the purpose of providing hands-on, comprehensive training and delivering practical knowledge, which can be immediately applied in the field of Intellectual Property Rights.
Why this course?
This course provides an in-depth understanding of the trademark filing process, from submission to registration. It covers the necessary steps and requirements for an application to be accepted and guides you through the common obstacles and complexities of filing a trademark. With this course, you'll have the tools and knowledge to protect your brand and intellectual property effectively.

Key Highlights:
  • Learn the fundamentals and theintricate end-to-end process fromDrafting and filing of a Trademarkapplication to its registration.
  • Understand the legal requirementsfor a successful application
  • Navigate the complexities of thetrademark process with ease
  • Who is a Proprietor of a Trademark? –Meaning, Identification, and detailsrequired while filing an applicationfor trademark registration.
  • Vienna codification
  • Grounds for refusal of registration oftrademarks by a TrademarksExaminer.
  • Objections, Oppositions & HearingsForm
  • TM-M
What you will learn?
  • Understand Trademark
  • FilingLearn the basic requirements andprocedures for filing a trademarkapplication
  • Navigating Trademark Obstacles
  • Learn how to overcome commonobstacles and avoid pitfalls in thetrademark registration process.
  • Trademark Registration Essentials
  • Understand the trademarkregistration process and what it takesto get your application accepted.
 

Check out our other courses

Foundation Course in IPR - DIIPR 0001 (FREE course)
https://courses.diipr.com/courses/Foundation-Course-in-Intellectual-PropertyRights--DIIPR-0001- 63625449e4b0c1c0bb445d06

Trademark Basics - DIIPR 1001
https://courses.diipr.com/courses/DIIPR1001-TRADEMARK-BASICS- 63ff491de4b0d7ba447a138a

Basics of Patents – DIIPR 0002
https://courses.diipr.com/courses/DIIPR0002---Basics-of-Patents-from-DrMohan-Dewan-and-Dr-Niti-Dewan-64143b40e4b066c67e80c9b3

Selection & Adoption of a Trademark – DIIPR 1002
https://courses.diipr.com/courses/DIIPR1002- Selection--Adoption-of-a-Trademark-642e7954e4b00e582bd7da3
Fun Questions, shared by Philip Furgang
Perplex
  • If a bottle of poison reaches its expiration date, is it more poisonous or is it no longer poisonous?
     
  • Which letter is silent in the word "Scent," the S or the C?
     
  • Do twins ever realize that one of them is unplanned?
     
  • Every time you clean something; you just make something else dirty, don’t you?
     
  • The word "swims" upside-down is still "swims".
  • Over 100 years ago, everyone owned a horse and only the rich had cars. Today everyone has cars and only the rich own horses.
     
  • If people evolved from monkeys, why are monkeys still around?
     
  • Why is there a 'D' in fridge, but not in refrigerator?
     
  • It’s a fact that the sun doesn’t rise in the East, then does the Earth rise in the East or the West?
Thread Bare
 
In order to enhance the objective of Commercial Courts Act, 2015 (hereinafter referred as ‘the Act’), amendments were made in 2018 to streamline the resolution of commercial cases and bring commercial matters within its scope.

Additionally, matters related to Intellectual Property Rights were incorporated into the definition of a 'commercial dispute' under Section 2(c) (xvii) of the Act. To further promote the efficient resolution of commercial cases
A node between urgent interim relief and pre-institution mediation proceedings in IPR disputes
the introduction of Section 12A of the Act made it compulsory for conflicting parties to attempt mediation before instituting a commercial lawsuit.

The primary objective of Section 12A of the Act is to encourage parties involved in commercial disputes to explore mediation as a primary recourse for resolving their conflicts. The provision mandates that before filing a lawsuit involving a commercial dispute, the plaintiff must exhaust the remedy of prelitigation mediation. However, Section 12A(1) of the Act also provides an exception that allows parties to bypass the mediation process and directly approach the Courts in cases where urgent interim relief is requested.

A plain reading of the provision makes it clear that a commercial suit which does not contemplate an urgent interim relief ought not to be instituted before a Court unless the party exhausts the remedy of pre-institution mediation. The Courts, however, time and again have taken a varied view regarding the mandatory requirement of pre-institution mediation under Section 12A vis-à-vis urgent interim relief claimed by the party.

Due to the judicial divergence in the subject matter, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, in the Patil Automation Private Limited & Ors. vs Rakheja Engineers Private Limited case, while admitting that there was no urgent relief contemplated in the case in hand,
deliberated on the compliance requirement of Section 12A. The Apex Court emphasized the need for expedited resolution of commercial disputes and concluded that pre-suit mediation is necessary in such cases, except in cases when urgent interim reliefs are involved. The Hon’ble Court while declaring the mandatory nature of Section 12-A of the Act held that “any suit instituted violating the mandate of Section 12-A must be visited with rejection of the plaint under Order 7 Rule 11 of CPC”.

Following the Patil Automation case, the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi, in the case of Bolt Technology vs Ujoy Technology case, discussed the two classes of commercial disputes contemplated under Section 12A of the Act. The Court accentuated that Section 12A segregates commercial disputes depending on their urgency. Hon’ble Justice Prathiba M. Singh also highlighted the significance of interim injunctions in Intellectual Property matters, considering the interests of consumers and the prevention of confusion and fraudulent practices in the marketplace. Hence, the urgent interim relief prayed in such cases must be looked in the light of facts and circumstances of the case and exemption from pre-institution mediation proceedings may be granted. The division bench of the Hon’ble Delhi High Court in Chandra Kishore Chaurasia case has observed that “there is no ambiguity that a suit, which
contemplates urgent interim relief, is excluded from the rigor of Section 12A(1) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. Thus, a plaintiff seeking to institute a suit involving urgent interim relief(s) is not required to exhaust the remedy of preinstitution mediation.”

While, in the Micro Labs Limited vs A. Santhosh case, the Madras High Court rejected the Micro Labs plaint in view of the fact that there was a considerable delay in filing the suit after sending a cease and desist notice to the opposite party and therefore an urgent interim relief was not contendable.

The controversy to be addressed in the matter is two-fold. First, the meaning of "urgent interim relief" and its impact on the requirement of pre-litigation mediation under Section 12A of the Act. Second, whether the plaintiff has the sole authority to determine “urgent interim relief” so contemplated, or alternatively, the judge may need to step in and assess the facts and circumstances before making a decision.

While the Apex Court has completely settled the legal position in this regard affirming the obligatory nature of prelitigation mediation when urgent interim relief is not involved, the Courts handling commercial disputes face the crucial question of determining what qualifies as ‘urgent’ interim relief. The High Courts of Delhi at various instances have followed the view taken in Bolt
Technology’s case, as the relief of interim injunction, including at the ex-parte stage and ad-interim stage, is extremely important. Intellectual property cases encompass a broad range of industries, including but not limited to pharmaceuticals, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), food products, financial services, technology, and creative works such as books, films, and music. The rights of the plaintiff are affected on a daily basis as there is continuous manufacturing, selling, and offering of services or goods to the consumers by the wrongdoer. The ambit of urgent interim relief that may need to be granted is varied and contingent upon the specific circumstances of each case. Courts often grant such reliefs not only to safeguard statutory and common law rights but also to prevent confusion, deception, unfair practices, and fraudulent activities in the marketplace.

With regard to whether the plaintiff possesses exclusive authority to determine the necessity for urgent relief, it is well settled that the use of the words "contemplate any urgent interim relief" as used in Section 12(1) of the Act are used to qualify the category of a suit. This is determined solely on the frame of the plaint and the relief sought. The plaintiff is the sole determinant of the pleadings in the suit and the relief sought. Thus, in commercial disputes involving Intellectual Property, the Courts have to be diligent while granting and refusing the urgent reliefs in order to prevent any adverse ramifications.
Analysis
From India
to the
World:
Science of
Building Big
Ships /
Large
Vessels Warships
 

Ancient India made significant contributions to the world in various fields, including mathematics, science, philosophy, and spirituality. Many of these contributions have had a profound impact on the world.

The practice of yoga, which Ancient India made significant contributions to the world in various fields, including mathematics, science, philosophy, and spirituality. Many of these contributions have had a profound impact on the world.
originated in ancient India, has become a popular form of exercise and stress relief in the Western world. While the concepts of Zero, Yoga and Ayurveda are perhaps better known contributions from India, there are also some lesser known contributions from India. In this series of articles we will be telling you about these lesser known contributions of India to the world.



Science of Building Big Ships
India has a rich maritime history that dates back to ancient times. The country has a long coastline and numerous waterways, which made it necessary for the people to develop shipbuilding skills and techniques. The ancient Indians were pioneers in the field of shipbuilding and were known for creating large vessels and merchant ships that could traverse long distances. In this article, we will explore how the ancient Indians developed the shipbuilding science and manufactured big vessels and merchant ships.

The Beginnings of Shipbuilding in Ancient India
Shipbuilding in India can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. The people of the Indus Valley
Civilization were known to have built small boats and used them for fishing, transportation, and trade. Archaeological evidence suggests that they used boats made of reeds and timber, which were propelled by oars or sails.

The Development of Shipbuilding Techniques
Over time, the ancient Indians developed more advanced shipbuilding techniques. One of the most significant advances was the invention of the sewing technique, which involved sewing wooden planks together with coconut fibers or silk. This technique enabled shipbuilders to create larger vessels that could withstand the rigors of the sea



The Indians also developed the art of caulking, which involved filling the gaps between the planks with a mixture of fibers, resin, and wax. This prevented water from seeping into the ship and helped to make it more buoyant.

Another important development was the use of iron nails and bolts to hold the planks together. This technique allowed shipbuilders to construct much larger vessels than before, as the wooden planks could be securely fastened to each other.

The Manufacture of Big Vessels and Merchant Ships
Indians were known for building large and sturdy vessels that could carry heavy loads. One such vessel was the Nau or the Indian ship, which was a large merchant ship used for trade and commerce. These ships were built with a length of up to 60 meters and a width of up to 15 meters, and could carry up to 500 tons of cargo.

A notable incident evidencing the navigating and ship building skills of Indians, which is well documented took place in 1497
In 1497, Vasco da Gama set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, with a fleet of four ships. His mission was to find a sea route to India, which would allow Portugal to bypass the land routes controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The journey was long and treacherous, and the crew faced many challenges such as storms, disease, and mutiny.

After months at sea, the fleet arrived in the African coast, where they stopped at various ports to resupply and negotiate with local rulers. However, they encountered hostility from the Arab merchants who controlled the trade along the East African coast. They also faced challenges from the elements, with their ships suffering damage from storms and rough seas.
When they reached Madagascar, Vasco da Gama had his first encounter with an Indian ship. The ship was commanded by an Indian pilot who had been hired by the local ruler to trade with the African coast. The pilot, named Ibn Majid, was an expert navigator who had extensive knowledge of the Indian Ocean.
 

He gave Vasco da Gama valuable information about the monsoon winds, which would prove crucial in his voyage to India.
Spotlight
Ibn Majid also provided Vasco da Gama with a pilot to guide his ships through the treacherous waters of the Indian Ocean. The pilot, named Pero Alenquer, was an experienced sailor who had sailed to India before. With Alenquer's guidance, Vasco da Gama was able to navigate the Indian Ocean and reach the port of Calicut on the southwestern coast of India.

The encounter with the Indian ship in Madagascar was a significant turning point in Vasco da Gama's journey to India. Without the valuable information and guidance provided by Ibn Majid and Pero Alenquer, it is unlikely that Vasco da Gama would have been able to reach India by sea. The encounter also demonstrated how developed the Indian Shipbuilding technique was and how skilled and trailed Indian navigators were.

The legacy of India's shipbuilding history can still be seen today in the country's thriving maritime industry.
 
Behind The Scenes of Copyright: Decoding Ownership Of Film Screenplays
 

In the realm of film and television, screenplays play a crucial role as the foundation for visual storytelling. A well crafted screenplay is the blueprint that brings a story to life on the screen.

Therefore, the question of who owns the copyright in the screenplay of a film holds great importance. Whether it is the producer of the film, or the author of the screenplay? In India, the laws related to copyright protection are governed by the Copyright Act, 1957 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’) along with Copyright Rules.
Recently, RD Bansal and Co., a HUF of the well-known producer R D Bansal brought a copyright infringement suit before High Court of Delhi against a publishing house for infringing its rights in the screen play of the cinematograph film ‘Nayak’. The Hon’ble Delhi High Court declared that the esteemed filmmaker, late Satyajit Ray, who wrote the screenplay for the 1966 Bengali film 'Nayak’ (also known as 'Nayak: The Hero'), is the rightful first owner of the film's copyright. Justice C. Hari Shankar dismissed the claim made by RD Bansal's family, who contended that they held the copyright in both the film and screenplay of 'Nayak’ being the producers of the said cinematograph film.

Satyajit Ray, a celebrated master of cinema, passed away in 1992. 'Nayak’ starring Uttam Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, is a psychological drama set on a train, exploring the struggles of the aspiring and restless middle class in 1960s Bengal, encompassing themes of money and Marxism. The film received the Special Jury Award at the Berlin International Film Festival. Ray penned both the story and screenplay for 'Nayak’, making it the second film where he was solely responsible for the writing, following 'Kanchenjungha' in 1962.

The Bansal family had sought to prevent Harper Collins from publishing and distributing a novelization of Ray's screenplay for 'Nayak’, authored by Bhaskar Chattopadhyay, arguing that it
infringed upon their copyright. However,Harper Collins contended that thecopyright rightfully belonged to SatyajitRay and subsequently to his son, SandipRay, and the Society for the Preservationof Satyajit Ray Archives (SPSRA).
 

Section 13 of the Act provides for the Works in which copyright subsists which includes the original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; cinematograph films; and sound recording.
 
A further reading of the said provision, it becomes evident that the copyright in a film does not affect the independent copyright in any work in respect of which or a substantial part of which, the film is made. Upon closely examining the provisions of the Copyright Act and the judicial precedents, the Hon’ble Court opined that the screenplay of the film is within the ambit of the expression “literary work” for the purpose of Section 13 of the Act.

Justice C Hari Shankar dismissed the Bansal family's suit, stating that they had
no authority to prohibit third parties from novelizing the screenplay. The court noted that there was no dispute regarding the screenplay being solely the work of Satyajit Ray, with no contribution from the producer
 

he Hon’ble High Court determined that under Section 17 of the Act, Satyajit Ray, as the screenplay's author, was the initial copyright owner of the screenplay, and the right to create a novelization rested with him.
 

The subsequent granting of this right by Sandip Ray and SPSRA to a third party was deemed legitimate.

Section 17 of the Act recognises the general rule that the author is the first owner of the copyright except in certain special cases. It provides for instances where any person pays consideration for the work done or at whose instance the work is done, in absence of any contract contrary, such person shall become the owner of the copyright thereof.
Consequently, the Hon’ble High Court concluded that the copyright in the screenplay of 'Nayak' belonged to Sandip Ray and SPSRA after the demise of Satyajit Ray. The court ruled that the conferment of the right to novelize the screenplay to the Defendant by Sandip Ray and SPSRA was entirely valid.
 

QUIZ CORNER
  1. This Bell is the symbol of:
    1. Bell Telephones and Telegraphs
    2. Big Ben
    3. Taco Bell
    4. Notre Dame
       
  2. The following countries grant utilitymodel registration:
    1. China, Korea, US, Germany
    2. Australia, Ukraine, China, Korea
    3. India, Korea, South Africa, Japan
    4. Ukraine, China, Korea, Taiwan
       
  3. International IP Day is celebrated on.... every year.
    1. 24th of May
    2. 15th March
    3. 26th April
    4. 6th June
Cover Story
This Arabic word was adopted by the Portuguese sailors in the Indian Ocean for “something that comes around every year”. Thereafter, the ambit of the meaning of the word was extended in the 1580s where it was used to describe the seasonal reversals of the direction of the wind along the shores of the Indian Ocean and surrounding regions, especially in the Arabian Sea resulting in the atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

Types of monsoons in India
India is blessed with two types of monsoons – the South West and the North East. The South West monsoon is commonly termed as the “rainy season”. The primary cause behind the South West monsoon is the excessive heat during the summer that leads to a low pressure over the Tibetan Plateau. Another factor that comes into play here, is the shifting of the Inter tropical convergence zone over the Ganga plain. The regions that are affected due to this phenomenon span out from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal. Although, the monsoon moves faster in the latter than it does in the former - the onset occurs in Kerala with the initial point of entry being June 1st. After that it spreads over Assam and arrives in Kolkata by June 7th.
Know The
Real India:Monsoon
 

The origin of the word ‘monsoon’ can be attributed to the Dutch term ‘monssoen’, the Portugese term ‘moncao’ and the Arabic term ‘mawsim’ which means “time of the year, appropriate season”.
 

The deflection of the Bay branch happens westwards by the Himalayan barrier post which it advances up the Gangetic plain leading to a rain shadow effect that keeps the Tamil Nadu coast relatively dry. The Arabian Sea branch follows a different course by moving northwards gradually and arriving in Mumbai by 10th June. Its occurrence is marked by three streams, the first one hits strikes the Western Ghats in a perpendicular way causing Orographic rainfall, the second stream runs its course through the Narmada Tapi rift valley and the third one runs parallel to
the Aravali range. The final step involves both the branches coming together and usually converging in Delhi. Popularly termed as ‘monsoon burst’, these heavy rains are characterised by thunder and lightning. This season starts in June and goes on till September and is responsible for nearly eighty percent of the rainfall in the country.

Also termed as winter monsoon, the North East monsoon is another major feature of the Indian subcontinent but unlike the South West monsoon it only contributes to eleven percent of the rainfall in the region. During their course, they pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal which has an effect in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka during the months of October and December. The southward movement of the Inter tropical convergence zone coupled with the heating up of the Indian Ocean leads to a reversal in the loweratmosphere moisture-laden winds triggers this phenomenon.

Types of crops
ajor parts, Kharif and the Rabi season. Marked by the arrival of the South West monsoon that brings in sufficient amount of rain into this region enabling the growth of a variety of crops that thrive in a warm environment, the Kharif season is a time wherein farmers plant and harvest crops that can thrive in the rainy season. Its duration is from June till the end of September or October. Some well-known examples of Kharif crops are rice, bajra, groundnut, oilseeds and maize. Rabi crops or ‘winter crops’ are grown from the month of October or November till the months of March or April. Indicated by cooler temperatures, low rainfall, and long daylight hours these don’t require much water supply and hence are mostly grown in the hilly areas of Northern India. Some popular examples of Rabi crops include barley, peas, wheat and gram.
The El Nino
A collection of associated weather and ocean-related phenomena is known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). When El Nino happens, the air pressure over the ocean drops and coastal waters in the eastern tropical Pacific warm up. It has a significant effect on ocean temperatures, the strength and speed of ocean currents, and even on the planet's weather. These occurrences also have an impact on the atmosphere's overall circulation and can even cause colder, longer winters in some areas. El Nino could have an impact on the weather, wildfires, ecosystems, and economy on a global scale. El Nino lasts for about 9 to 12 months, however it can sometimes occasionally extend for years. El Nino events often occur more frequently than La Nina, generally every 2 to 7 years.

The El Nino has a 70% chance of interfering with the monsoon this year in the months of June, July, and August, according to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).
 
The impact of El Niño phenomenon on the monsoon season in India
India has always traditionally relied on the monsoons in respect of its agriculture. The El Nino is typically connected with having an impact on the monsoons in India, causing belowaverage rainfall and severe droughts which are detrimental for crop growth and can even affect the yields, which ultimately drive up the food costs. It also results in dry, insufficient monsoons in the summer and warm winter conditions over the Indian subcontinent.
 
RKDecodes
Decoding Delicious Delicacies - Laal Mans
 

When it comes to food, the name of a dish holds meaning beyond just identification. The name of a dish can give an insight into the history behind it, the ingredients used, or even the cultural significance it holds. In this series of blogs, we will explore the history behind names of famous Indian dishes.

The origin of Laal Mans can be traced back to the Rajput era. The Rajputs were a warrior clan who ruled over Rajasthan, India for centuries, and meat dishes were an integral part of their cuisine. Laal Mans was originally created as a dish for the Rajput warriors, who needed a hearty and filling meal that would give them strength and energy.

The dish was traditionally made after a fresh hunt, such as boar or deer, which were hunted by the Rajputs. The meat was marinated in a mixture of spices and yogurt, which helped to tenderize it and infuse it with flavor. The dish was then slow-cooked in a clay pot over a wood fire, which gave it a smoky aroma and enhanced its flavor.

Over time, as the Rajputs started to settle down and become more prosperous, they began to use domesticated animals, such as goat and lamb, in their cooking. They also started to add more spices to the dish, including red chili powder, which gave it its distinctive red color, fiery flavor and also the name Laal Mans which translates to Red Meat.

The special red chili that is traditionally used in Laal Mans is the Mathania red chili. Mathania is a town located near Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India, and is known for its high-quality red chili peppers. The Mathania red chili is known for its deep color, smoky aroma, and intense heat, which makes it perfect for use in spicy dishes like Laal Mans.
The chili is usually dried and ground into a fine powder, which is added to the marinade and the gravy of the dish to give it its signature red color and fiery flavor. However, if Mathania red chili is not available, other varieties of dried red chili can be used as a substitute.

Today, Laal Mans is a popular dish throughout Rajasthan, and is enjoyed by people of all backgrounds.
The recipe for the dish has evolved over time, with each region and family adding their own unique twist to it. However, the basic ingredients and cooking methods have remained largely unchanged, and the dish continues to be a symbol of Rajasthani cuisine.

If you ever have the opportunity to try this spicy and flavorful dish, be sure to savor every bite and appreciate the heritage behind it.
 
We do not claim any copyright in the above image. The same has been reproduced for academic and representational purposes only
JULY 2023
NewsNet is a monthly compilation of articles and updates by R K Dewan & co. This publication is intended to be circulated for informational purpose only. The publication in no way constitutes legal advice/opinion being provided by R K Dewan & Co to its readers or the public at large. R K Dewan & Co encourages readers to seek professional legal adivce before acting upon the contents provided herein. The firm shall not be responsible fo any liability or loss that may be attributed to the contents of this publication. This publication is the property of R K Dewan & Co, and the same may not be circulated, distributed, reproduced, or otherwise used by anyone without the prior express permission of its creators.
Quiz Answers: 1) c. Taco Bell; 2) d. Ukraine, China, Taiwan; 3) c. 26th April
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