'Article' under the Designs Act, 2000

Under the Designs Act, 2000, the "article" means any article of manufacture and any substance, artificial, or partly artificial and partly natural and includes any part of an article capable of being made and sold separately.

'Set of article' under Designs Act, 2000

If a group of articles meets the following requirements then that group of articles may be regarded as a set of articles under the Designs Act, 2000:

• Ordinarily on sale or intended to be used together.
• All having common design even though articles are different (same class).
• Same general character. Generally, an article having the same design and sold in different sizes is not considered as a set of articles. Practical example: "Tea set", "Pen set", "Knife set" etc.

Essential requirements for the registration of 'Design' under the Designs Act, 2000

• The design should be new or original, not previously published or used in any country before the date of application for registration. The novelty may reside in the application of a known shape or pattern to new subject matter.
• The design should relate to features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornamentation applied or applicable to an article. Thus, designs of industrial plans, layouts and installations are not registrable under the Act.
• The design should be applied or applicable to any article by an industrial process. Normally, designs of artistic nature like painting, sculptures and the like which are not produced in bulk by any industrial process are excluded from registration under the Act.
• The features of the design in the finished article should, appeal to and are judged, solely by the eye. This implies that the design must appear and should be visible on the finished article for which it is meant.
• Any mode or principle of construction or operation or any thing which is in substance a mere mechanical device, would not be registrable Design.
• The design should not include any Trade Mark or Property Mark or artistic works as defined under the Copyright Act, 1957.

Applying for Design registration

The application for Design registration can be filed by the applicant himself/herself or through a professional person (i.e. patent agent, legal practitioner). However, for applicants who are not residents of India, an agent residing in India has to be employed.

Place of applying for registration

Any person who desires to register a design shall submit the required documents to the Controller of Designs, The Patent Office at Kolkata, or at any of its branch offices at New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai.

Duration of a Design registration and its extension

The duration of a Design registration is initially ten years from the date of registration but in cases where claim to priority has been allowed, the duration is ten years from the priority date. This initial period of registration may be extended by a further period of 5 years on an application made in Form-3 accompanied by a fee of INR 2,000/- to the Controller before the expiry of the said initial period of Design registration. The proprietor of a Design may make an application for such an extension even as soon as the Design is registered.

Cancellation of Registration of a Design

The registration of a Design may be cancelled at any time after the registration of the Design on a petition for cancellation in form 8, with a fee of INR 1,500/- to the Controller of Designs, on the following grounds:

• That the design has been previously registered in India or
• That it has been published in India or elsewhere prior to the date of registration or
• The design is not new or original or
• Design is not registrable or
• It is not a design under Clause (d) of Section 2

Restoration of a lapsed Design

A Design registration will cease to be effective on non-payment of the extension fee for a further term of five years, if the same is not paid before the expiry of the original period of 10 years. However, a new provision has been incorporated in the Act so that lapsed designs may be restored, provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• Application for restoration in Form-4 with a fee of INR 1,000/- is filed within one year from the date of lapse stating the grounds for such non-payment of extension fee with sufficient reasons.
• If the application for restoration is allowed, the proprietor is required to pay the extension fee of INR 2,000/- and an additional fee of INR 1,000/- and finally the lapsed registration is restored.

Piracy of a Design

Piracy of a Design means the application of a design or its imitation to any article belonging to the class of articles in which the design has been registered for the purpose of sale or importation of such articles without the written consent of the registered proprietor. Publishing such articles or exposing them for sale with knowledge of the unauthorized application of the design to them also involves piracy of the Design.

Penalty for the piracy of a registered Design

If anyone contravenes the Copyright in a Design, for every contravention he/she is liable to pay a sum not exceeding Rs. 25,000/- to the registered proprietor subject to a maximum of Rs. 50,000/- recoverable as contract debt in respect of any one design. The registered proprietor may bring a suit for the recovery of the damages for any such contravention and for injunction against repetition of the same. Total sum recoverable shall not exceed Rs. 50,000/- as contract debt as stated in Section 22(2)(a). The suit for infringement, recovery of damage should not be filed in any court below the court of District Judge.